Polonnaruwa’s historical park is filled with ruins, monuments, temples, and other structures that tell the story of Sri Lanka’s medieval era. Here are some of the top sites that travelers should explore:

1. The Royal Palace Complex

The Royal Palace Complex, also known as the “Vijayanta Prasada,” was once a majestic residence. Built by King Parakramabahu I, the palace is believed to have stood seven stories high and consisted of numerous chambers and halls. Today, the remaining walls hint at the grandeur and scale of the building, with beautifully carved stone pillars and intricate details.

In the same area, you’ll find the Council Chamber, an elegant building adorned with detailed stonework and carved elephants. This space was used for royal meetings and decision-making, giving visitors a glimpse into the governance of the ancient kingdom.

2. Gal Vihara (Rock Temple)

Gal Vihara is one of Polonnaruwa’s most iconic and significant sites. It is a group of four magnificent Buddha statues carved into a single granite rock face, showcasing the artistic mastery of the time. The four statues include a massive seated Buddha, a smaller seated figure, a standing Buddha, and a reclining Buddha, which symbolizes the Buddha’s final moments before attaining Nirvana.

These sculptures are renowned for their serene expressions, fine details, and spiritual significance, reflecting the devotion and craftsmanship of the artists who created them during the reign of King Parakramabahu I.

3. The Quadrangle (Dalada Maluwa)

The Quadrangle, known locally as “Dalada Maluwa,” is a compact area that houses some of the most exquisite and well-preserved structures in Polonnaruwa. This sacred site includes the Vatadage, an elaborate circular relic house that once contained a sacred tooth relic of the Buddha. The Vatadage is a stunning example of ancient Sri Lankan architecture, with its intricately carved stone pillars, moonstone, and guard stones.

Within the Quadrangle, you’ll also find the Thuparama Image House, which contains a well-preserved stone statue of the Buddha, and the Hatadage, a shrine built to house the tooth relic. Each structure in this area holds historical and spiritual significance, making it a highlight for visitors.

4. Rankoth Vehera (Golden Pinnacle Stupa)

Rankoth Vehera, a massive stupa constructed during the reign of King Nissanka Malla, stands as a symbol of Polonnaruwa’s Buddhist heritage. The stupa, towering over the landscape, is the largest in the city and was originally gilded, giving it the name “Golden Pinnacle.” The simplicity and size of Rankoth Vehera are awe-inspiring, with four entrances leading to the stupa, each flanked by large stone Buddha images.

5. Parakrama Samudra (Sea of Parakrama)

The Parakrama Samudra, also known as the “Sea of Parakrama,” is a massive man-made reservoir that covers over 2,400 hectares. Built by King Parakramabahu I, this impressive feat of engineering served as an irrigation system, supplying water to the surrounding paddy fields and ensuring the kingdom’s agricultural prosperity. Today, the reservoir is a tranquil spot for birdwatching, enjoying sunsets, and observing local fishermen at work.

6. Lankatilaka Vihara

Lankatilaka Vihara is an ancient image house with a towering 14-meter-high Buddha statue. The building’s impressive facade, with its towering walls and intricate carvings, is a prime example of the architectural excellence that flourished in Polonnaruwa. Although the Buddha statue within the temple is now headless, the site remains a powerful symbol of devotion and artistry.

7. Kiri Vehera

Kiri Vehera is a white-domed stupa located near Lankatilaka Vihara. It is considered one of the most well-preserved and beautiful stupas in Polonnaruwa. The name “Kiri Vehera” translates to “Milk Stupa” due to its original gleaming white appearance. Built by King Parakramabahu’s queen, this serene site is a favorite among visitors for its simplicity and spiritual ambiance.